1.
Which staining technique involves the use of a
positively charged dye to stain bacterial cells?
a)
Negative stain
b)
Gram stain
c)
Acid-fast stain
d)
Endospore stain
2.
What is the purpose of using crystal violet in
the Gram staining procedure?
a)
To stain the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria
b)
To decolorize Gram-negative bacteria
c)
To fix the bacterial cells to the slide
d)
To visualize bacterial capsules
3.
Which microscope technique allows visualization
of structures smaller than the wavelength of visible light?
a)
Dark-field microscopy
b)
Phase-contrast microscopy
c)
Super-resolution microscopy
d)
Fluorescence microscopy
4.
What is the function of a McFarland standard in
the preparation of bacterial cultures for testing?
a)
It serves as a growth medium for bacteria.
b)
It provides a reference point for
spectrophotometric measurements.
c)
It is a staining agent used in Gram staining.
d)
It is an antiseptic solution for disinfection.
5.
Which enzyme is used in the polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) to synthesize a complementary DNA strand?
a)
Ligase
b)
Helicase
c)
DNA polymerase
d)
RNA polymerase
6.
Which of the following methods is used for antibiotic
susceptibility testing?
a)
Streak plate method
b)
Broth dilution method
c)
PCR analysis
d)
Colony counting
7.
What is the primary purpose of the Kirby-Bauer
disk diffusion test?
a)
To determine the minimum inhibitory
concentration of an antibiotic
b)
To measure bacterial growth rate
c)
To assess bacterial motility
d)
To determine antibiotic susceptibility of a
bacterial isolate
8.
Which technique is used to identify bacteria
based on their fatty acid profiles?
a)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
b)
Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis
c)
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry
d)
Western blotting
9.
Which of the following techniques can be used to
differentiate bacterial species based on their DNA fragment sizes?
a)
PCR
b)
Southern blotting
c)
DNA sequencing
d)
RFLP analysis
10.
Which of the following techniques is used to
visualize proteins separated by gel electrophoresis?
a)
PCR
b)
Western blotting
c)
ELISA
d)
Northern blotting
11.
Which microscope technique uses a laser to
excite fluorophores in a specimen to produce high-resolution images?
a)
Bright-field microscopy
b)
Dark-field microscopy
c)
Confocal microscopy
d)
Phase-contrast microscopy
12.
The process of using extreme cold temperatures
to preserve bacterial cultures is known as:
a)
Vitrification
b)
Cryopreservation
c)
Desiccation
d)
Lyophilization
13.
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down
hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen in bacterial cells?
a)
Catalase
b)
Lysozyme
c)
DNA polymerase
d)
Ribonuclease
14.
Which technique can be used to determine the
phylogenetic relationships between different microorganisms based on their rRNA
sequences?
a)
FISH (Fluorescence in situ hybridization)
b)
DNA fingerprinting
c)
PCR
d)
Ribotyping
15.
The process of using heat and pressure to
sterilize equipment and media is called:
a)
Dry heat sterilization
b)
Autoclaving
c)
Pasteurization
d)
Tyndallization
16.
Which of the following techniques can be used to
identify specific nucleotide sequences in DNA samples?
a)
Southern blotting
b)
Western blotting
c)
Northern blotting
d)
ELISA
17.
Which of the following is a method for counting
viable bacterial cells in a sample?
a)
Spectrophotometry
b)
Flow cytometry
c)
PCR analysis
d)
Gel electrophoresis
18.
Which microscopy technique uses a focused
electron beam to create detailed images of the surface of a specimen?
a)
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
b)
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
c)
Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
d)
Dark-field microscopy
19.
What is the purpose of using a mordant in the
Gram staining procedure?
a)
To fix the bacterial cells to the slide
b)
To differentiate Gram-positive and Gram-negative
bacteria
c)
To enhance the visibility of bacterial capsules
d)
To stabilize the crystal violet stain
20.
Which of the following techniques can be used to
identify proteins separated by gel electrophoresis?
a)
Western blotting
b)
Southern blotting
c)
Northern blotting
d)
ELISA
21.
Which technique is used to determine the order
of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule?
a)
PCR
b)
DNA sequencing
c)
Southern blotting
d)
RFLP analysis
22.
Which of the following is a common method for
assessing bacterial growth in liquid culture?
a)
Colony counting
b)
PCR analysis
c)
Turbidity measurement
d)
Agar plate streaking
23.
The process of using chemicals or physical
agents to destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms is known as:
a)
Sterilization
b)
Disinfection
c)
Decontamination
d)
Pasteurization
24.
Which staining technique is used to visualize
the presence of specific proteins in bacterial cells?
a)
Acid-fast staining
b)
Immunofluorescence staining
c)
Capsule staining
d)
Gram staining
25.
Which of the following methods can be used to
quantify bacterial DNA in a sample?
a)
Gel electrophoresis
b)
Flow cytometry
c)
Spectrophotometry
d)
Western blotting
26.
Which technique involves the use of antibodies
to detect specific antigens in a bacterial sample?
a)
ELISA
b)
PCR
c)
DNA sequencing
d)
Southern blotting
27.
The process of transferring bacterial colonies
from a culture plate onto a solid medium is called:
a)
Inoculation
b)
Incubation
c)
Isolation
d)
Inspection
28.
Which microscopy technique uses a focused ion
beam to create detailed images of the surface of a specimen?
a)
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
b)
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
c)
Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
d)
Dark-field microscopy
29.
Which technique is used to separate proteins
based on their size and charge?
a)
PCR
b)
Gel electrophoresis
c)
DNA sequencing
d)
Northern blotting
30.
What is the primary advantage of using
transmission electron microscopy (TEM) over light microscopy?
a)
TEM provides higher magnification
b)
TEM can visualize live cells
c)
TEM uses visible light for illumination
d)
TEM can visualize unstained samples
31.
Which of the following techniques is used to
visualize the arrangement and attachment of bacterial cells on surfaces?
a)
Immunofluorescence staining
b)
Confocal microscopy
c)
Electron microscopy
d)
Biofilm assay
32.
Which technique can be used to identify the
presence of specific DNA sequences in a bacterial sample?
a)
Gel electrophoresis
b)
Southern blotting
c)
PCR
d)
Flow cytometry
33.
The process of using sound waves to disrupt
bacterial cells and extract intracellular components is known as:
a)
Homogenization
b)
Sonication
c)
Centrifugation
d)
Filtration
34.
Which technique uses radioactively labeled DNA
probes to detect specific DNA sequences in a bacterial sample?
a)
Gel electrophoresis
b)
Flow cytometry
c)
Southern blotting
d)
Western blotting
35.
Which of the following methods can be used to
assess bacterial motility?
a)
Spectrophotometry
b)
Hemagglutination
c)
Agar plate streaking
d)
ELISA
36.
The process of using high-frequency sound waves
to disrupt bacterial cells and extract cellular components is called:
a)
Sonication
b)
Centrifugation
c)
Homogenization
d)
Filtration
37.
Which technique is used to separate DNA
fragments based on their size during gel electrophoresis?
a)
Western blotting
b)
Northern blotting
c)
PCR
d)
Southern blotting
38.
What is the function of a quenching agent in
fluorescence microscopy?
a)
To enhance fluorescence intensity
b)
To prevent photobleaching
c)
To increase resolution
d)
To stabilize fluorophores
39.
Which technique involves the use of antibodies
labeled with fluorescent molecules to detect specific antigens in bacterial
cells?
a)
Immunofluorescence staining
b)
ELISA
c)
PCR
d)
Southern blotting
40.
Which of the following methods can be used to
detect changes in bacterial gene expression?
a)
Spectrophotometry
b)
Flow cytometry
c)
Northern blotting
d)
Agar plate streaking
41.
The process of using a centrifuge to separate
bacterial cells from liquid culture is called:
a)
Filtration
b)
Sedimentation
c)
Homogenization
d)
Sonication
42.
Which technique involves the use of antibodies
to detect specific proteins in a bacterial sample?
a)
ELISA
b)
Western blotting
c)
PCR
d)
Southern blotting
43.
Which of the following methods can be used to
detect the presence of specific RNA sequences in a bacterial sample?
a)
PCR
b)
Gel electrophoresis
c)
Northern blotting
d)
Flow cytometry
44.
The process of using an electron beam to create
detailed images of the internal structure of bacterial cells is called:
a)
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
b)
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
c)
Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
d)
Confocal microscopy
45.
Which technique is used to amplify specific DNA
sequences in a bacterial sample?
a)
PCR
b)
Gel electrophoresis
c)
DNA sequencing
d)
Southern blotting
46.
What is the primary purpose of using
counterstains in microscopy?
a)
To enhance the contrast of stained structures
b)
To remove excess dye from the slide
c)
To fix the bacterial cells to the slide
d)
To enhance the resolution of the microscope
47.
The process of using high-frequency sound waves
to disrupt bacterial cells and extract cellular components is called:
a)
Sonication
b)
Centrifugation
c)
Homogenization
d)
Filtration
48.
Which technique is used to determine the number
of viable bacterial cells in a liquid sample?
a)
Turbidity measurement
b)
Flow cytometry
c)
Colony counting
d)
Gel electrophoresis
49.
The process of using a centrifuge to separate
bacterial cells from liquid culture is called:
a)
Filtration
b)
Sedimentation
c)
Homogenization
d)
Sonication
50.
Which microscopy technique involves the use of a
thin metal probe to scan the surface of a specimen and create high-resolution
images?
a)
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
b)
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
c)
Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
d)
Dark-field microscopy
|
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1 |
d |
11 |
c |
21 |
b |
31 |
a |
41 |
a |
|
2 |
a |
12 |
b |
22 |
c |
32 |
b |
42 |
b |
|
3 |
c |
13 |
a |
23 |
a |
33 |
a |
43 |
c |
|
4 |
b |
14 |
a |
24 |
b |
34 |
c |
44 |
a |
|
5 |
c |
15 |
c |
25 |
a |
35 |
a |
45 |
c |
|
6 |
b |
16 |
d |
26 |
c |
36 |
a |
46 |
c |
|
7 |
d |
17 |
c |
27 |
a |
37 |
a |
47 |
a |
|
8 |
b |
18 |
b |
28 |
c |
38 |
b |
48 |
c |
|
9 |
c |
19 |
b |
29 |
a |
39 |
a |
49 |
a |
|
10 |
b |
20 |
b |
30 |
c |
40 |
c |
50 |
c |