Important Pathogens and the diseases caused by them
S.N. | Morphological Classification | Gram Reaction | Sub-Classification | Morphology | Organism | Disease Caused |
1 | Cocci (Spherical Shape) | (A)
Gram Positive | Staphylococci | Cocci in grape like cluster | Staphylococcus aureus | - Skin infections - Pneumonia, - Endocarditis, - Osteomyelitis, - Food poisoning - Gastroenteritis - Scalded skin syndrome |
Staphylococcus saprophyticus | - UTI catheter induced - Acute pyelonephritis - Epididymitis - Prostatitis - urethritis | |||||
Staphylococcus epidermidis | - UTI )Catheter induced) | |||||
Streptococci |
Cocci in chain
Lance field classification (on the basis of C- Carbohydrate antigen of cell wall) | Str. pyogenes (Group A) | scarlet fever, bacteremia, pneumonia, necrotizing fasciitis, myonecrosis and Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome, glomerulonephritis, | |||
Str. agalactae (Group B) | Neonatal meningitis | |||||
Str. equisimitis (Group C) | streptococcal toxic shock syndrome | |||||
- Enterococcus - Streptococcus faecalis (Group D) | urinary tract infection (UTIs), endocarditis, bacteremia, catheter-related infections, wound infections | |||||
Streptococcus pneumoniae | - Meningitis - Pleurisy - Lobar pneumonia - Otitis media | |||||
Viridens streptococci (No group) |
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- Str. mutans | - Tooth decay | |||||
- Str. mitis | - Endocarditis | |||||
- Str. sanguis | - Endocarditis | |||||
(B) Gram Negative |
|
| - Neisseria meningitides | - Meningitis | ||
- Neisseria gonorrhea | - Gonorrhoea | |||||
- Moraxella catarrhalis | - Respiratory Infection | |||||
2 | Bacilli | (A) Gram Positive |
|
| - Cornibacterium diphtheriae | - Diphtheria |
- Bacilus anthracis | - Anthrax | |||||
- Bacillus cereus | - Gastrointeritis | |||||
- Clostridium tetani | - Tetanus | |||||
- Clostridium botulinum | - Botulism | |||||
- Clostridium perfringens | - Gas gangrin | |||||
- Actinomycetes spps | - Actinomycetoma | |||||
- Listeria monocytogenes | - Abortion - Neonatal encephalitis | |||||
- Erysipelothrix spp | - Erysipelas | |||||
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis | - TB | |||||
- Mycobacterium leprae | - Leprosy | |||||
|
| (B) Gram Negative |
|
| - Escherichia coli | - Urinary infections - Wound infections - Gastroenteritis |
- Klebsiella pneumoniae | - Chest infections - Urinary infections - Wound infection - Meningitis - Endocarditis | |||||
- Proteus spp | - Urinary infections - Wound and chest - Wound and chest - meningitis | |||||
- Enterobacter spp | - urinary tract infections (UTI) - respiratory infections - soft tissue infections, - osteomyelitis - endocarditis | |||||
- Citrobacter freundii | - Sepsis and meningitis in infants - UTI - Wound infection | |||||
- Yarsinia pestis | - Plague | |||||
- Yarsinia enterocolitica | - Gastroenteritis | |||||
- Shigella dysenteriae | - Bacillary dysentery | |||||
- Salmonella typhi | - Thyphoid | |||||
- Salmonella typhimurium | - Food poisoning | |||||
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
| - UTI, burn infection - Respiratory tract infection - Bacteremia - Hospital acquired infection - Otitis media | |||||
- Chlamydia trachomatis | - Trachoma
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- Rickettsia species | - Typhus fevers | |||||
3 |
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| - Vibrio cholera | - Cholera |
- Vibrio parahemolyticus | - Urinary infections - Respiratory infections - Ear and wound infections - Burns infections | |||||
4 | Spirilla |
|
| gently curved shape wavelike | - Spirillum minus | - Rat bite fever |
5 | Spirochaetes |
| - Borrelia | Irregular Coiled | - Borellia borelliae | - Limes Disease (By Teak bite) |
- Leptospira | Coiled | - Leptospira interrogans | - Weil's disease | |||
- Treponema | Coiled, spiral | - Treponema pallidum | - Syphillis | |||
6 | Filamentous |
|
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| - Actinomycetes | - Actinomycetoma |
- Nocardia nocardii | - Nocardiosis |