1. Which of the following techniques
is used to separate proteins based on their charge and size?
a) ELISA
b) Western blot
c) Gel electrophoresis
d) PCR
2. Which blood type is considered the
universal donor?
a) A
b) B
c) AB
d) O
3. In which phase of the cell cycle
does DNA replication occur?
a) G1 phase
b) S phase
c) G2 phase
d) M phase
4. Which hormone is responsible for
stimulating red blood cell production in the bone marrow?
a) Insulin
b) Thyroid hormone
c) Erythropoietin
d) Cortisol
5. What is the primary function of the
Golgi apparatus in a cell?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Lipid storage
c) Energy production
d) Post-translational modification and
packaging of molecules
6. Which of the following is an
autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland?
a) Diabetes mellitus
b) Hashimoto's thyroiditis
c) Addison's disease
d) Multiple sclerosis
7. The enzyme amylase is responsible
for breaking down which type of molecule?
a) Proteins
b) Nucleic acids
c) Carbohydrates
d) Lipids
8. Which laboratory test is used to
diagnose infectious mononucleosis?
a) Complete blood count (CBC)
b) Prothrombin time (PT)
c) Monospot test
d) Urinalysis
9. Which of the following is a marker
used for assessing liver function?
a) Troponin
b) Creatinine
c) Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
d) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
10. Which type of microscopy provides
high-resolution, three-dimensional images of cells and tissues?
a) Bright-field microscopy
b) Fluorescence microscopy
c) Electron microscopy
d) Confocal microscopy
11. Which coagulation factor deficiency
is associated with hemophilia A?
a) Factor VIII
b) Factor IX
c) Factor VII
d) Factor X
12. Which of the following is a
characteristic of sickle cell anemia?
a) Increased hemoglobin A
b) Oval-shaped red blood cells
c) Excessive platelet count
d) Deficiency of vitamin B12
13. The Gram stain is used to
differentiate bacteria based on their:
a) Shape
b) Color
c) Size
d) Cell wall composition
14. Which hormone is produced by the
adrenal cortex and helps regulate salt and water balance?
a) Insulin
b) Epinephrine
c) Aldosterone
d) Growth hormone
15. Which blood component is primarily
responsible for oxygen transport?
a) Platelets
b) White blood cells
c) Red blood cells
d) Plasma
16. What is the purpose of the
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in the laboratory?
a) To identify bacterial species
b) To amplify DNA segments
c) To measure blood glucose levels
d) To assess kidney function
17. Which of the following is a common
sexually transmitted infection caused by a bacterium?
a) Herpes simplex virus
b) Human papillomavirus (HPV)
c) Chlamydia trachomatis
d) Hepatitis B virus
18. Which type of immunoglobulin is the
first to be produced during an immune response?
a) IgA
b) IgD
c) IgE
d) IgM
19. Which of the following is a common
tumor marker used in the diagnosis of prostate cancer?
a) CA-125
b) PSA (prostate-specific antigen)
c) CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen)
d) AFP (alpha-fetoprotein)
20. Which imaging technique uses a
magnetic field and radio waves to produce detailed images of the body's
internal structures?
a) X-ray
b) Ultrasound
c) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
d) PET (positron emission tomography)
21. The "Rheumatoid Factor"
is associated with which autoimmune condition?
a) Rheumatoid arthritis
b) Systemic lupus erythematosus
c) Multiple sclerosis
d) Psoriasis
22. Which of the following is a common
cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
a) Streptococcus pneumoniae
b) Escherichia coli (E. coli)
c) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
d) Staphylococcus aureus
23. Which test measures the level of
glucose in the blood over an extended period, reflecting average blood sugar
levels?
a) Fasting blood glucose
b) Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
c) HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin)
d) C-peptide test
24. Which of the following is an
example of a qualitative test?
a) Hemoglobin A1c measurement
b) White blood cell differential count
c) Blood glucose measurement
d) Pregnancy test
25. What is the purpose of the ELISA
(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) test?
a) To measure blood clotting factors
b) To detect antibodies or antigens in
a sample
c) To assess liver function
d) To determine blood type
26. Which of the following laboratory
tests is used to assess kidney function?
a) Lipid panel
b) Serum electrolytes
c) Thyroid function tests
d) Complete blood count
27. Which condition is characterized by
the presence of excess iron in the body's tissues and organs?
a) Hemochromatosis
b) Wilson's disease
c) Cushing's syndrome
d) Turner syndrome
28. Which of the following
microorganisms causes tuberculosis?
a) Staphylococcus aureus
b) Streptococcus pyogenes
c) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
d) Escherichia coli (E. coli)
29. Which blood component plays a
crucial role in blood clotting?
a) Red blood cells
b) White blood cells
c) Platelets
d) Plasma
30. Which of the following is a
hereditary bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor?
a) Hemophilia A
b) Hemophilia B
c) von Willebrand disease
d) Thrombocytopenia
31. What is the primary function of the
respiratory system?
a) Circulation of blood
b) Digestion of food
c) Exchange of gases
d) Regulation of body temperature
32. Which of the following is a common
test used to evaluate liver function?
a) Prothrombin time (PT)
b) Hemoglobin A1c
c) Complete blood count (CBC)
d) Serum albumin
33. What is the function of a
spirometer in pulmonary function testing?
a) Measures blood pressure
b) Measures lung volumes and
capacities
c) Measures blood glucose levels
d) Measures heart rate
34. Which of the following is a
hallmark of acute inflammation?
a) Increased blood viscosity
b) Decreased white blood cell count
c) Redness, heat, swelling, and pain
d) Decreased levels of C-reactive
protein
35. Which of the following is a common
test used to monitor blood coagulation during warfarin therapy?
a) Platelet count
b) INR (international normalized
ratio)
c) Blood glucose measurement
d) Serum electrolytes
36. Which type of leukemia primarily
affects lymphocytes?
a) Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
b) Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
c) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
d) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
37. Which of the following imaging
techniques is commonly used to visualize bone fractures and joint
abnormalities?
a) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
b) PET (positron emission tomography)
c) X-ray
d) Ultrasound
38. What is the function of the
prostate gland in males?
a) Produces insulin
b) Produces bile
c) Produces testosterone
d) Produces seminal fluid
39. Which of the following laboratory
tests measures the level of urea in the blood and is used to assess kidney
function?
a) Serum creatinine
b) Blood glucose
c) Serum electrolytes
d) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
40. Which of the following diseases is
caused by a prion, an infectious protein?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Mad cow disease (bovine spongiform
encephalopathy)
c) Influenza
d) Measles
41. Which of the following hormones is
produced by the adrenal medulla and is involved in the body's "fight or
flight" response?
a) Insulin
b) Cortisol
c) Thyroxine
d) Epinephrine
42. Which test is used to diagnose
diabetes and assess long-term blood sugar control?
a) Fasting blood glucose
b) Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
c) Hemoglobin A1c
d) C-peptide test
43. Which of the following is a common
viral sexually transmitted infection that can cause genital warts and is
associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer?
a) Herpes simplex virus
b) Human papillomavirus (HPV)
c) Chlamydia trachomatis
d) Gonorrhea
44. What is the purpose of the HbA1c
(glycated hemoglobin) test in diabetes management?
a) To monitor liver function
b) To measure kidney function
c) To assess long-term blood sugar
control
d) To diagnose acute hyperglycemia
45. Which of the following laboratory
tests is used to diagnose autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE)?
a) Rheumatoid factor
b) Prothrombin time (PT)
c) Monospot test
d) Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test
46. What is the function of the
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) test?
a) Measures blood clotting time
b) Measures red blood cell count
c) Measures the rate of sedimentation
of red blood cells
d) Measures kidney function
47. Which of the following is a common
bacterial sexually transmitted infection that can cause pelvic inflammatory
disease and infertility in females?
a) Herpes simplex virus
b) Human papillomavirus (HPV)
c) Chlamydia trachomatis
d) Syphilis
48. Which type of immunity is acquired
through exposure to an infectious agent or through vaccination?
a) Innate immunity
b) Passive immunity
c) Active immunity
d) Autoimmune immunity
49. Which laboratory test is commonly
used to monitor thyroid function and diagnose conditions like hyperthyroidism
and hypothyroidism?
a) Serum creatinine
b) Prothrombin time (PT)
c) TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)
test
d) Serum electrolytes
50. Which of the following is a common
screening test for colorectal cancer?
a) Pap smear
b) Mammogram
c) Colonoscopy
d) PSA (prostate-specific antigen)
test
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1 |
c |
11 |
a |
21 |
a |
31 |
c |
41 |
d |
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2 |
d |
12 |
b |
22 |
b |
32 |
d |
42 |
c |
|
3 |
b |
13 |
d |
23 |
c |
33 |
b |
43 |
b |
|
4 |
c |
14 |
c |
24 |
d |
34 |
c |
44 |
c |
|
5 |
d |
15 |
c |
25 |
b |
35 |
b |
45 |
d |
|
6 |
b |
16 |
b |
26 |
b |
36 |
c |
46 |
c |
|
7 |
c |
17 |
c |
27 |
a |
37 |
c |
47 |
c |
|
8 |
c |
18 |
d |
28 |
c |
38 |
d |
48 |
c |
|
9 |
c |
19 |
b |
29 |
c |
39 |
d |
49 |
c |
|
10 |
c |
20 |
c |
30 |
c |
40 |
b |
50 |
c |